4. The AMP audio skin

Soldering and using the AMP audio skin.

The following video shows how to solder the headers, microphone and speaker onto the AMP skin.

For circuit schematics and datasheets for the components on the skin see pyboard硬件.

4.1. Example code

The AMP skin has a speaker which is connected to DAC(1) via a small power amplifier. The volume of the amplifier is controlled by a digital potentiometer, which is an I2C device with address 46 on the IC2(1) bus.

To set the volume, define the following function:

import pyb
def volume(val):
    pyb.I2C(1, pyb.I2C.CONTROLLER).mem_write(val, 46, 0)

Then you can do:

>>> volume(0)   # minimum volume
>>> volume(127) # maximum volume

To play a sound, use the write_timed method of the DAC object. For example:

import math
from pyb import DAC

# create a buffer containing a sine-wave
buf = bytearray(100)
for i in range(len(buf)):
    buf[i] = 128 + int(127 * math.sin(2 * math.pi * i / len(buf)))

# output the sine-wave at 400Hz
dac = DAC(1)
dac.write_timed(buf, 400 * len(buf), mode=DAC.CIRCULAR)

You can also play WAV files using the Python wave module. You can get the wave module here and you will also need the chunk module available here. Put these on your pyboard (either on the flash or the SD card in the top-level directory). You will need an 8-bit WAV file to play, such as this one, or to convert any file you have with the command:

avconv -i original.wav -ar 22050 -codec pcm_u8 test.wav

Then you can do:

>>> import wave
>>> from pyb import DAC
>>> dac = DAC(1)
>>> f = wave.open('test.wav')
>>> dac.write_timed(f.readframes(f.getnframes()), f.getframerate())

This should play the WAV file. Note that this will read the whole file into RAM so it has to be small enough to fit in it.

To play larger wave files you will have to use the micro-SD card to store it. Also the file must be read and sent to the DAC in small chunks that will fit the RAM limit of the microcontroller. Here is an example function that can play 8-bit wave files with up to 16kHz sampling:

import wave
from pyb import DAC
from pyb import delay
dac = DAC(1)

def play(filename):
    f = wave.open(filename, 'r')
    total_frames = f.getnframes()
    framerate = f.getframerate()

    for position in range(0, total_frames, framerate):
        f.setpos(position)
        dac.write_timed(f.readframes(framerate), framerate)
        delay(1000)

This function reads one second worth of data and sends it to DAC. It then waits one second and moves the file cursor to the new position to read the next second of data in the next iteration of the for-loop. It plays one second of audio at a time every one second.